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Coffee Bean Types: Arabica, Robusta, Liberica, and Excelsa

You probably already know that different types of plants produce different flavors. Find out about four of the most well-known varieties: Arabica. Robusta. Liberica. and Excelsa.

Excelsa beans are a kind of Liberica that is cultivated exclusively in Southeast Asia. They have a sweeter and tarter taste profile, and are often added to blends of coffee to enhance the flavor.

Arabica

Arabica is the most well-known coffee in the world, making up 75% of the world's coffee bean production. Arabica beans have a sweeter and less sour flavor than Robusta. They are available with a variety of flavor profiles. The taste and aroma components of a particular coffee beans in bulk can vary significantly based on the growing conditions and methods of processing used to produce it.

The word "coffee" originates from the Arabic word that means the berry. Coffee beans are actually seeds that grow in bright red berries. It is believed that the ancient Ethiopian shepherds realized that their goats became energy-rich after eating these berries, and the cultivation of coffee quickly began to spread throughout the world.

Coffee beans can be grown at high altitudes and are in a position to thrive when exposed to cool temperatures and plenty of rain. This is why Arabica coffee is considered to be the best tasting type of coffee.

Many specialty cheap coffee beans shops and roasters concentrate on the ethical source of their arabica beans, by emphasizing fair wages for farmers as well as sustainable growing practices. These companies often blend arabica beans to create distinctive coffees that can be used in many different methods of brewing. Blending can control the aroma, taste, body and acidity of coffee. It is usually used to create a consistent and balanced taste that appeals a wide market.

Robusta

Robusta beans are the second most popular type of coffee bean in the world. They have a higher amount of caffeine per bean than Arabica, and are more resistant to pests and disease. They also have higher levels of chlorogenic acids that are antioxidants that occur naturally. However, these acids may cause oxidation in the process of brewing coffee and may produce undesirable flavors.

The plant itself is more robust than arabica, able to grow in less favorable climate conditions and at lower elevations. It can withstand temperatures that are higher and thrives in direct sunlight. It produces more coffee per plant and grows faster than arabica. This makes it a cost effective crop to grow.

Although it might appear counterintuitive Robusta beans are typically blended with arabica beans to create coffee blends. If you see names like Uganda or Kenya on the coffee bags it's likely that there's also some robusta.

While some roasters use exclusively arabica beans, the majority of roasters use blend both varieties to lower cost and maintain the quality. To preserve the quality of the flavor, it's important to select a premium bean from a supplier you can trust. The best way to do this is to buy your beans directly from the farmer.

Liberica

Liberica beans have a shape that is like a football, which makes them different from other coffee beans. They have a smell that is fruity, floral and smoky. They are paired with other coffee bean types to give them a more rounded and more robust taste.

Liberica coffee beans can be found in West Africa, Malaysia (Borneo) and Southeast Asia. They can thrive in low altitudes and can withstand humid, hot climates. They are also more resistant to disease than Arabica or Robusta.

These characteristics make them ideal for home cultivation. It is possible to purchase the seeds online from a number of sources, but it's preferred to purchase them from local producers to ensure the quality of the beans. The ideal conditions to grow Liberica coffee are fertile deep volcano soils, with a pH that is moderately acidic and sufficient annual rainfall.

Another kind of coffee bean is Excelsa, which was once considered to be a separate species but was later re-classified to be a variant of Liberica. These coffee beans are ovals that grow on large 20 to 30-foot coffee plants at moderate altitudes. They have a distinct flavor that is both tart and fruity that has made them a popular choice in house blends. They have a milder flavor and lower caffeine content than Arabica or Robusta but still have a distinct flavor.

Excelsa

Although they're the fourth most sought-after kind of unroasted coffee beans wholesale beans, Excelsa beans aren't quite as easy to find as Arabica or Robusta. They were actually regarded as an entirely different species of coffee up until 2006, when they were reclassified to be a synonym for Coffea Liberica var. dewevrei. They are produced in Southeast Asia today and account for 7% of the world's production of coffee. The beans are distinctive with a teardrop shape, and a dark, mysterious flavor. They're frequently used in blends to give extra body and a full tart, ripe fruit taste.

Arabica beans are the most well-known and are renowned for their sweeter taste. They thrive in tropical, warm climates and high altitudes. They also have a bit of acidity. If they are brewed correctly and light roast Coffee beans properly they may impart notes like chocolate, nuts or even fruit.

Robusta is a close second only to Arabica and is responsible for about 40 percent of the world's beans. Robusta is rounder and smaller, yet they contain twice as much caffeine as Arabica. They also have more bitterness than the other two varieties and tend to have earthy and woody overtones.

After you've learned about the four most popular types of coffee beans, it's time to choose the perfect cup. If you're looking for a smooth mild flavor, go for an arabica or a blend of robusta and arabica beans.